Field Scale Interactions of Maturation Period with Seasonal Patterns of Yellow Rust in Wheat Cultivars Planted at Different Dates

Background and Objective: Associations among planting date, yellow rust, weather, and wheat yield. However, it is still needed to investigate how strongly wheat maturation is linked to these features. This study examined cultivar resistance, planting date seasonal patterns of yellow rust progress, weather, and yield in interaction with wheat maturation. Materials and Methods: A four-year study examined associations of wheat maturity with yellow rust, planting date, cultivar resistance, weather and yield under experimental field conditions. The H-test, correlations, and principal component analyses were used to examine datasets. The significance level was detected at 5%. Early maturing wheat cultivars planted at all four planting dates corresponded with the lower area under the yellow rust progress curve (AUYRPC), maximum disease incidence and severity rankings compared to late-maturing cultivars. A lower yield ranking was determined for late-maturing cultivars. Results: A late onset of yellow rust showed a 33% shorter maturity duration in comparison with early onset. Early plantings in October, had an 182% lower maturity ranking when compared to plantings at the optimum date, November. Conclusion: An early maturation of wheat cultivars corresponded with a warm spring, cold autumn and winter, fewer rainy days in spring, early planting of winter wheat, late disease onset less severe yellow rust, and high yielding.