Assessing the Efficacy of Formulated Organic Biopesticide in Managing Insect Pests in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

Background and Objective: Okra insect pests cause significant yield losses, estimated at 60%, historically managed with synthetic insecticides. However, the health risks associated with these chemicals have led to many being banned, necessitating the development of eco-friendly alternatives. This study evaluated a novel organic biopesticide (neem extract 5.2%, wood ash 8.8% and clove powder 7.8%) for controlling okra pests during the early and late 2023 planting seasons. Materials and Methods: The experiment, conducted in a 3×5 factorial arrangement, tested three application rates (50, 100 and 200 mL/ha) and five spray frequencies (once-a-week [OAW], twice-a-week [TAW], once-every-2-weeks [O2W], once-every-3-weeks [O3W] and once-every-4-weeks [O4W]), alongside a control (no spray), using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data on insect pests, leaf and pod damage, plant growth and fruit yield were collected and analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The results showed significantly lower pest densities in treated plots compared to the control, with natural enemy populations remaining unaffected. Leaf damage was higher in the control plots, while fruit damage was significantly reduced in treatments with higher application rates and frequencies. The best growth parameters and highest cost-benefit ratios were observed in plots treated with 100 mL/ha applied O4W or O2W, making these the most effective and economical options. Conclusion: The study concludes that applying the biopesticide at 100 mL/ha either once-every-4-weeks or once-every-2-weeks effectively reduces pest infestation and fruit damage while being cost-efficient, thereby enhancing okra fruit yield. Hence further research should be carried out on other agro ecological vegetation.